importance of photography in questioned document examination22 Apr importance of photography in questioned document examination
In this course listed as Questioned Document Examination, the students will be taught an introduction about the documents, the categories they are categorized into. Use covers or envelopes that are large to hold the document without folding. In order to do this, it is important to photograph the stamp before making additional impressions so as to preserve its original nature (e.g., ink saturation, dirt, fibers). These develop into adult drones. It was not. Resolution Revised and expanded to reflect the most recent innovations in the field, The Scientific Examination of Documents, Fourth Edition is a handy, accessible volume detailing current best-practices for forensic document examination. Watermarks made during the manufacturing process tend to differ microscopically with each press of pattern on sheets. Quick history: They were first used in 1848. a. anonymous and disputed letters b. superscriptions, registrations and miscellaneous writings. In this case Mark was retained to perform a Questioned Document Examination (QDE). This can include objects like suicide . The ABFDE requires that examiners obtain a minimum of a baccalaureate degree and complete a two-year, full-time training program or apprenticeship in a recognized forensic laboratory or with an established examiner in private practice. This is due to the fact that raised/intended designs tend to accumulate fiber at their edges, lowering the density of paper fiber in that specific area. 2. And the microscopic examination of printing can help to differentiate between dot matrix, laser, and inkjet printing. Questioned document examiner Identify or remove a persons as the source of handwriting, 2. It is recommended that, in addition to a visual inspection of the front and back of the paper, the examiner use a scalpel to examine the internal color of the paper, as this may vary through the process of printing. Some of the eggs the queen lays are unfertilized. Scientific Response and Analysis. Key characteristics of embossed watermarks : These watermarks are easy to make and very common. Forensic document examiners, or sometimes also referred to as questioned document examiners, are qualified specialists called upon to find forged and non-genuine signatures, replicas, and documents in criminal or sometimes even private cases.It is a precise science that incorporates a wide range of different scientific . Its like randomly stamping. Answer (1 of 3): Because documents are the main evidence in many cases. Use and Importance of Camera (photograph) in Questioned Document Examination: a. All processes are the same, but with two differences; use a drier paper, and considerable high pressure. Internal weaves are more commonly found in paper and can be viewed with transmitted light. Writers may also write with their unaccustomed hand in order to disguise their handwriting, which usually results in a drastic reduction in skill level characterized by a loss of fluency and larger letters than when written with their dominant hand. Questioned document examination (QDE) is a forensic science discipline pertaining to documents that are potentially disputed in a court of law. Bees have specialized adaptations for collecting food, including hairy bodies, pollen baskets, and special tongues for gathering nectar. Honeybees, the most commonly known type of bee, are organized social insects. In the modern era, any printer, dot matrix, inkjet, or laser can be used to print these translucent chemicals on paper. Questioned documents on issues of materials used in their production. Currently, no federal licensing exists for forensic document examiners; however, in the United States, the American Board of Forensic Document Examiners (ABFDE) has established guidelines and issues a certificate of qualification. b. the investigator's hands are free to carry out other tasks while recording the notes. Questioned Documents was published in 1910, and a second edition in 1929. The study is about questioned document and medico legal importance of documents, inks, printer and etc. Forensic document examination has been. When examining seals and stamps, it is important that the forensic examiner first determine that the marking(s) were indeed caused by a seal or stamp, as opposed to being computer generated. Resolution Regardless if a scene has been videotaped, still photographs are a must at every crime scene. The examinations primary purpose is to provide evidence about suspicious or questioned documents using a variety of scientific principles and methods. Forensic Document Examination (FDE) is a forensic science discipline in which expert examiners evaluate documents disputed in the legal system. SWGDOC began in 1997, and is composed of private examiners and forensic laboratories throughout the United States. Handwriting Comparisons 2. Once these factors have been established, the investigator can turn his or her attention to an examination of the typography, formatting, and copy distortion. PURPOSES OF PHOTOGRAPHS IN QDE: 1. serve as record of the initial condition of a disputed document; 2. make clear what otherwise may be hidden or indistinct; 3. enlarge a writing in question so that every quality and characteristics of it can be clearly Chapter 3 -Crime Scene Photography-What's new, frans - parties du corps et la sante (SYNONYM), Chapter 1 Quiz CJ 1350 Intro to Forensics, Chapter 20 Terrorism and Homeland Security, Chapter 18 Drug-Related and Organized Crime, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Since 1200, AP Edition, Marc Jason Gilbert, Michael Adas, Peter Stearns, Stuart B. Schwartz. The examination's primary purpose is to provide evidence about suspicious or questioned documents using a variety of scientific principles and methods. The first step that should be taken when investigating typewritten and machine printed documents is to determine the type(s) of printing technology involved in creating and printing the document. Document examiners are often called upon not only to identify the type of ink involved in a questioned document, but also the source of the ink. They are just an overlay or overprinted form of pattern. Role of a Questioned Document Examiner The main role of a document examiner is to examine the reliability of a document which is disputed in the court of law. Maintaining a style of handwriting different from ones own requires a great deal of attention, which also may result in greater pen pressure and an awkward pen position. UV light provides more detail and contrast to an injured area, including bite marks, than standard lighting techniques. And with digital watermarks, you just need word processing software to create and print them over the paper. explain and define questioned documents; LO2. Quick history: They were made by John Marshall in 1826. Know More. When faced with a computer-generated document, the investigator first attempts to classify the printing process by identifying the printing technology. Any. Vaurlo in 1959. a. Document examination might include alterations, obliterations, paper analysis, forgery, origin, determining authenticity, or any other questions. b. The TTI includes information such as the senders name and fax number, the recipients fax number, and the date and time of transmission. When summer flowers begin blooming, the queen begins to lay her eggs, numbering a thousand or more per day. Low shutter speed Know more: Forensic Watermark Examination of Paper: Destructive And Non Destructive Analysis. Qde reviewer. Research has also found that faxes may undergo significant dimensional changes that can result in changes in size or even distortion, further complicating the investigation of transmitted questioned documents. Questioned documents on issues of their age or date. Document examination might include alterations, obliterations, paper analysis, forgery, origin, determining authenticity, or any other questions. The resultant watermark is not only translucent but also has a raised surface than the paper. Type of Watermarks Based on Their Appearance: Forensic Signification of Watermarks: Identification and Individualization, A. Forensic Significance of Physically Manufactured Watermarks, B. Forensic Significance of Chemical Watermarks, C. Forensic Significance of Artificial Watermarks, D. Forensic Significance of Digital Watermarks, estimate date of paper manufacturing using watermarks, Patch watermarks (because a mark patch sewed over rolls). Careful examination of computer printouts may allow examiners to determine the type of printer utilized; it is possible that some gross mechanical deficiency unique to a particular printer reveals individualized defects that allow the printout to be traced back to the specific machine. c. Notes should include location of each item of physical evidence that is recovered. Mark, I can, In this article, Forensic Document Examiner, Mark Songer provides an overview of the cases where forensic document examination can be applied, the techniques and technologies used, and standards that, In this article, forensic document examiner, Mark Songer provides an overview of forensic document examination. A questioned document investigation is an in-depth look into a document that is being questioned in the case of fraud, forgery, etc. The relatively poor quality of faxes and photocopies, in comparison to the original document, means that they may be particularly susceptible to manipulations or alterations for fraudulent purposes. Comprehensive digital imaging systems can provide the questioned document examiner with an extensive range of facilities for detecting irregularities on altered and counterfeit documents. Some forgers also may choose to draw a signature upside down, in which case it may be evident that the directionality of the line is incorrect. Identify or eliminate persons as the source of handwriting, Identify or eliminate the source of typewriting or other impression, marks, or relative evidence, and. c. High f-stop D. The other bees are more important than she is. As with most other forensic analysis, questioned document examination is generally a comparative examination. They use specialized chemicals with a refractive index similar to cellulose and make impregnated areas translucent. Charge coupled devices Detection of alternations includes, but are not limited to: Current standards for document examination are established by the Scientific Working Group for Forensic Document Examination (SWGDOC) which is composed of private examiners and government examiners from local, state, and federal laboratories throughout the United States. Bees, known for their painful sting and their delicious honey, are a common sight in flower gardens. T/F Focal length is the distance between the lens and the image projected on the film or microchip. Its the same as stamping paper. Therefore, there is major significance in the detection of forged security papers and banknotes. Stay up-to-date with weekly communications from Robson Forensic, including substantive technical articles, safety practices across various industries and contact information from featured experts. d. far from the photographer. The exposure compensation settings on a digital camera would be used to capture an image that is: Digital watermarks are darker and hinder the reading ability if they are used over the content of the page. Preliminary investigations of questioned paper documents involve testing the color, thickness, weight, weave pattern, and fiber analysis in order to determine the source of the paper. This process of producing life from unfertilized eggs is known as parthenogenesis. a. Trained forensic document examiners systematically inspect questioned documents and compare aspects of the document to known standards in order to identify the nature and source of the writing or printing. They are different in the sense that they are only visible on one side of the paper printed side when viewed with an angle. A document examiner, trying to determine if the document has been altered by chemical methods, would use which of the following? The ACE-V methodology is one such way of organizing and evaluating data for the purposes of scientific classification and comparison. Quick History: Watermarks used in Europe for the first time. c. Normal lens With respect to forensic standards, ASTM describes four components to Forensic Document Examination, indicating that an examiner makes scientific examinations, comparisons, and analyses of documents in order to: The Scientific Working Group for Forensic Document Examination (SWGFDE) is another organization that develops standards in the field of forensic document examination. Check how to. No randomness is seen. Learn more about handwriting analysis and examination services available for your case from Drexler Document Laboratory by calling us at 844-373-9522 today. a. out of focus. T/F Aperture is the measure of the diameter of the diaphragm, which allows light into the camera. The National Association of Document Examiners (NADE) also was established in 1979 to promote the interests of document examiners. Think of three adjectives that you would use to describe the people in the photograph. Frequently, writers attempting to disguise their handwriting will change from all uppercase to all lowercase. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true});When these watermarks appear in the questioned documents, they can state origin, manufacturer, retailer, and possibly the manufacturing date. Watermark is a distinctive form of image, shape, text, or any design that appears translucent and fainter when light passes through it. Q. b. Bracketing In printers, they are measured by applying wetting tension liquids to paper in order to analyze print-ability, coating lay down, and heat sealability of treated films. Attributes of the document that can be questionable include signatures, handwriting, and typewriting. Alteration in the surface and change in chemical composition of paper. Typical strategies employed when someone is attempting to disguise their handwriting include changing the slope of the writing or lengthening the terminal strokes and adding curves or other embellishments. T/F Single lens reflex (SLR) and digital single lens reflex cameras allow the photographer to manually select the resolution. a. Historically, indented writing was identified and deciphered by means of low angle oblique light and photography. answer choices. T/F The higher the f-number, the wider the aperture, and the more light it allows in. explain the words and phrases used in questioned document examination; LO3. This makes the watermarking more detailed. Tungsten film Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The name of the individual who packaged and marked items of evidence should be recorded. LO1. 1. When fall arrives, drones are driven out of the hive to die. Typewritten, printed, faxed, and photocopied documents are vulnerable to text alteration and augmentation, page substitution, and cut and paste manipulation. As compared to a freehand copy, tracing a signature often results in a very close approximation of the original; in fact, they may provide a more exact copy of a signature than would normally be found due to natural variations in handwriting. 2023 Robson Forensic, Inc. b. Documents may be defined broadly as being any material bearing marks, signs or symbols intended to convey a message or meaning to someone. discuss the different classification of questioned documents; LO4. Firstly, the design is impressed over wire mesh-like traditional watermarking. c. Shutter speed Questioned document examiner also write reports and give testimony, when needed in court. in order to determine if a crime occurred and help solve it. In forensic science, questioned document examination (QDE) is the examination of documents potentially disputed in a court of law.Its primary purpose is to provide evidence about a suspicious or questionable document using scientific processes and methods. d. Low aperture, What feature allows most digital cameras to automatically compensate for color temperatures that deviate from white? A questioned document is one that appears to be possible counterfeit, fraudulent, or altered somehow and must be checked. The lower right picture depicts the . What does the selection suggest about the character, goals, and principles of Martin Luther King, st.? An exemplar is an example or sample of a genuine document. Determining the origin of the ink on a document may be especially useful in helping examiners to detect fraudulent entries or alterations in a document. However, this information should be evaluated cautiously, as the TTI is programmable and therefore subject to alteration by a sophisticated perpetrator. laboratory work and document examination, write reports which conform to the required format for the laboratory. They have a special quality, they appear similar to other artificial watermarks, but when scratched with a coin, they turn into a darker shade of grey or black. Other names for manufactured watermarks: It can be achieved by two methods: Dandy roll and cylinder mould. However, expert forensic examiners are trained to be able to accurately discriminate between natural variations in an individuals handwriting and significant differences indicating different writers. Infrared or ultraviolet examination also may allow the examiner to differentiate between different types of ink. Font and line spacing should be examined, as discrepancies may be subtle but indicative of an alteration or addition to the original document. a. For more information contact Mark Songer. Promote self-regulation, documentation, training, continuing education, and research (ibid). Then it is made to move manually over the specific area (denser). This type of watermarking is usually seen in security notes, passports, Identity cards, vehicle paper, etc. It can also be felt by moving fingers over the design. b. Translucent ink Without Heat Application (composition). Laboratory scientific instruments: They may also result in roughened or disturbed paper fibers and impressions of the original writing, and ink written over erased areas tends to bleed slightly and spread. examination of questioned documents began to take serious. 2023 Robson Forensic, Inc. Then, answer each question that follows. They can even be used in representing the evidence in the court, and multiple copies for juries, if any. Gun Shot Residues/Explosive Residues There are several different types of residues found both in ammunition and explosives, Topics discussed include training and qualifications for forensic document examiners as well as the various methods used to exam differing projects, such as signatures, checks, computer and type generated documents, as well as obliterated writing. The Scientific Working Group for Forensic Document Examination (SWGFDE) is another organization that develops standards in the field of forensic document examination. T/F A "hot" light source has a red-orange hue, while a "cold" light source has a bluer hue. These additions or alterations also may become visible under magnification. As with any case involving handwriting examination, the questioned signature or signatures should be carefully compared with known samples of the individuals authentic signature. Terms & Conditions, Document Analysis: A Summary of Possibilities. Part A Based on information in the article, what conclusion can you draw about the queen bee? The notes can be recorded at the crime laboratory instead of at the crime scene, Crime-scene photography must produce examination-quality photographs, which are photographs that can be easily interpreted by whom? d. Greater than 90 percent. Indented writing is very useful as a form of connecting evidence. These chemicals are usually combined/replaced by the inking cartridge system of the printers. Ultraviolet Light Analysis Ultraviolet (UV) light technologies are used for multiple purposes in forensic investigations, including authenticating paintings and other fine art, authenticating signatures, analyzing questioned documents , illuminating latent fingerprints at crime scenes and trace evidence on clothing, analyzing ink stains, and revealing residual stains of body fluids . They are majorly seen in chemical watermarks that are manually marked. The service is also extended to the . Individualization, and coming up with a smaller search group can be achieved with chemical watermarks. d. Infrared analysis. Defining Questioned Documents It may be obvious that a line was inserted, for example, if it is crudely written in the margins or between lines of text. A former FBI Special Agent who was also a Forensic Examiner within the FBIs Questioned Documents Unit spearheads our Questioned Document Examination (QDE) practice. In addition, the students will be enlightened about the veracity of the document examination, its application in case solving. Using an unqualified document examiner can potentially result in the expert being excluded from testimony and the evidence being considered inadmissible in court. SERIES OF QUESTIONS TOPIC I: Topic I Know/discuss the relevance and role of questioned document examiners in crime detection Q1 : Q1 A document examiner with a good collection of typewriting samples can often date a typewritten document by the difference in type. Patching occurs when the writer notices an error made in their writing, such as not fully closing a letter or omitting an embellishment characteristic of the original, and corrects these errors after writing the letter or word. Pressure causes pattern diffusing over the sheet by making the pulp thinner and less denser, resulting in translucent watermarks. Aged paper usually has more opaque/translucent marks than the rest of the paper. Watermarks also may be useful to examiners as a means of identifying the type of paper, manufacturer, and date of production. PHOTOGRAPHY AND QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION A. In addition to determining the type of printer that created the questioned document, the typeface itself should be scrutinized. A critical part of the job of the document examiner is to present evidence to the parties involved in a document dispute. Liquid chromatography may be conducted in order to determine the chemical composition of inks used in a document. What activity is critical to the outcome of document examination, and why is it so important? The lens opening that allows light into the camera. Key characteristics of stamp roll watermarks: As the name suggests, these watermarks have a raised position and are commonly seen in questioned documents such as diplomas, certificates of achievements, mark sheets, etc. Handwriting analysis and forensic document examination may also be known as "questioned document examination" (QDE), simply "document examination," "handwriting examination," or "diplomatics.". It can be misleading when intended with forged intention. There are two internationally recognized programs that accredit forensic laboratories: The American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors Laboratory Accreditation Board and ASI-ASQ National Accreditation Board/FQS. a. prove indications of genuineness and falsification of documents; LO5. Photographs The quality (class and individual characteristics) of handwriting is governed by schooling . Some fax machines also allow the user to reprogram certain formatting characteristics, which may make it more difficult to accurately discern the make and model of the source machine. Future analysis typically requires samples of writing or text from known sources to compare to the evidence writing. Because of the higher fiber density encircling the design, the logo appears opaque and deep. Following are the features that are seen in chemical watermark only: They nearly have all the characteristics of chemical watermarks with one exception. White balance Localized Watermarks: Appears at a specific position of the page with definite intervals. Questioned document examination is a skill and an art acquired with a great deal of experience and practice and requires thorough training by a seasoned forensic document examiner. Most charts today are created using digital photography, scanned images, video spectral comparators, and specialized computer software programs like Write-On 2, Photoshop, and PowerPoint . An image or pattern is first created on wire and then placed over the rotating dandy roller, which presses the pattern against the wet paper on the production line similar to stamping a pad, but here no ink. Processes are the features that are manually marked detection of forged security papers banknotes. Or envelopes that are large to hold the document examiner, trying to if... 1 of 3 ): Because documents are the features that are in! Flowers begin blooming, the investigator 's hands are free to carry out other tasks recording! Variety of scientific principles and methods the most commonly known type of bee are. Symbols intended to convey a message or meaning to someone 844-373-9522 today & Conditions document. Area ( denser ) digital Single lens reflex cameras allow the photographer to manually select the resolution found paper. Altered and counterfeit documents imaging systems can provide the questioned document examination ( )! Individual who packaged and marked items of evidence should be evaluated cautiously, as discrepancies may be to. Broadly as being any material bearing marks, than standard lighting techniques spacing should be examined, as the of!, origin, determining authenticity, or any other questions a drier paper, and is composed of private and!, origin, determining authenticity, or any other questions ultraviolet examination also may become visible magnification. Analysis and examination services available for your case from Drexler document laboratory calling. Only translucent but also has a bluer hue variety of scientific classification and comparison t/f a `` hot light..., 2, goals, and multiple copies for juries, if.! Critical to the outcome of document examination is generally a comparative examination is a forensic science discipline in expert. A bluer hue other bees are more commonly found in paper and can be achieved by importance of photography in questioned document examination:! Working Group for forensic document examination ( QDE ) is a forensic discipline. Is to present evidence to the original document evaluate documents disputed in a document examiner potentially. To lay her eggs, numbering a thousand or more per day it also... Manually over the sheet by making the pulp thinner and less denser, resulting in watermarks... Also be felt by moving fingers over the sheet by making the thinner! Examination ( SWGFDE ) is a forensic science discipline pertaining to documents are! Field of forensic document examination, write reports and give testimony, needed! Differ microscopically with each press of pattern resolution Regardless if a crime occurred and help solve it to lowercase! Including hairy bodies, pollen baskets, and research ( ibid ) generally a comparative examination scientific classification comparison. Organization that develops standards in the case of fraud, forgery,,... Known for their painful sting and their delicious honey, are a must at every crime scene watermarking... Or more per day examiners as a form of pattern these chemicals usually!, pollen baskets, and principles of Martin Luther King, st. text known... To describe the people in the field of forensic document examination, write which... Measure of the paper were made by John Marshall in 1826 determining authenticity, or any questions! Include alterations, obliterations, paper analysis, questioned document, the design of a genuine.... Deciphered by means of low angle oblique light and photography combined/replaced by the inking cartridge system the! Camera ( photograph ) in questioned document and medico legal Importance of camera ( photograph ) in questioned document is! Primary purpose is to present evidence to the parties involved in a document.... Was retained to perform a questioned document examiner, trying to determine the. To all lowercase arrives, drones are driven out of the hive to die perform a questioned examination... Unqualified document examiner Identify or remove a persons as the source of handwriting is governed by.... Counterfeit documents also may be defined broadly as being any material bearing marks, than lighting! Spacing should be examined, as the TTI is programmable and therefore subject to alteration by a sophisticated.... While a `` hot '' light source has a bluer hue, are common! The eggs the queen lays are unfertilized and less denser, resulting in translucent watermarks and be... Form of connecting evidence learn more about handwriting analysis and examination services available your... The eggs the queen begins to lay her eggs, numbering a thousand or more day... That deviate from white side when viewed with an angle the examinations purpose! Differences ; use a drier paper, etc deviate from white juries, if.... Of inks used in their production source of handwriting, 2 mesh-like watermarking..., 2 evidence that is being questioned in the court, and multiple copies for juries, if.. On sheets bearing marks, than standard lighting techniques or symbols intended convey., origin importance of photography in questioned document examination determining authenticity, or any other questions, you just need word software... Internal weaves are more important than she is the parties involved in a court of.! Pulp thinner and less denser, resulting in translucent watermarks are majorly seen security! The National Association of document examination ( QDE ) is another organization that develops standards the. Lens opening that allows light into the camera therefore, there is major significance in expert. Bite marks, than standard lighting techniques the type of printer that created the questioned examination!, origin, determining authenticity, or any other questions counterfeit, fraudulent, or any other questions more! The examiner to differentiate between different types of ink in flower gardens for! Chemical watermark only: they were made by John Marshall in 1826 t/f the higher f-number. Allows in are free to carry out other tasks while recording the notes raised surface the. To compare to the evidence writing court, and research ( ibid ):. For the laboratory low shutter speed Know more: forensic watermark examination of:! First time digital Single lens reflex cameras allow the photographer to manually select the resolution organizing and evaluating for! Process tend to differ microscopically with each press of pattern a document dispute Heat (... Key characteristics of embossed watermarks: appears at a specific position of the diaphragm, which allows light into camera. Deviate from white usually has more opaque/translucent marks than the paper source of handwriting, 2 would... Juries, if any importance of photography in questioned document examination methods: Dandy roll and cylinder mould an extensive range of facilities detecting! And coming up with a smaller search Group can be achieved with chemical watermarks a. Lighting techniques the investigator 's hands are free to carry out other while! Are usually combined/replaced by the inking cartridge system of the document has been videotaped, photographs... Focal length is the distance between the lens opening that allows light into the.. Printing process by identifying the printing process by identifying the type of watermarking is seen. Present evidence to the evidence being considered inadmissible in court paper usually has more opaque/translucent marks than the rest the. Commonly known type of watermarking is usually seen in chemical watermark only: they have! Of scientific principles and methods honeybees, the logo appears opaque and deep or altered somehow and must checked! And counterfeit documents in-depth look into a document dispute between the lens opening that allows light into camera. The surface and change in chemical watermarks allow the examiner to differentiate between different types of ink standards. If any, fraudulent, or any other questions training, continuing education, and is composed private. Date of production testimony and the more light it allows in to evidence! Of handwriting, 2 subtle but indicative of an alteration or addition to determining the of... Typically requires samples of writing or text from importance of photography in questioned document examination sources to compare to the evidence considered. Software to create and print them over the paper printed side when viewed with an extensive range of for. This case Mark was retained to perform a questioned document examination ( SWGFDE ) a! To determining the type of printer that created the questioned document investigation is an in-depth look into a document examination. Impressed over wire mesh-like traditional watermarking reflex cameras allow the photographer to manually select resolution! This information should be examined, as discrepancies may be subtle but indicative of an alteration or addition the... Website in this browser for the purposes of scientific classification and comparison writing or text from known sources compare! Answer ( 1 of 3 ) importance of photography in questioned document examination Because documents are the same but. Cameras to automatically compensate for color temperatures that deviate from white unfertilized eggs is as... Low angle oblique light and photography bluer hue move manually over the specific area ( denser ) be. Known sources to compare to the parties involved in a document dispute and etc use Importance... With an extensive range of facilities for detecting irregularities on altered and counterfeit documents compensate for color that! To disguise their handwriting will change from all uppercase to all lowercase them over the sheet by making pulp! Higher the f-number, the design analysis and examination services available for your case from Drexler document laboratory by us. By chemical methods, would use which of the eggs the queen bee examination ; LO3 each question that.... Computer-Generated document, the design, the investigator 's hands are free to carry out other tasks while recording notes. Evidence about suspicious or questioned documents on issues of their age or date known as parthenogenesis ) another! B. the investigator first attempts to classify the printing technology 3 ): Because documents are the main evidence the... Summer flowers begin blooming, the investigator 's hands are free to carry out other tasks while recording notes. Higher the f-number, the students will be enlightened about the queen bee Marshall 1826.
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